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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:42 am
Time: 12:42 am
Results for minorities and crime
5 results foundAuthor: Ghandnoosh, Nazgol Title: Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies Summary: The American criminal justice system is at a critical juncture. In recent years, federal policymakers have called for reforms, following the lead of states that have reduced prison populations without compromising public safety. Nationwide prison counts have fallen every year since 2010, and the racial gap in imprisonment rates has also begun to narrow. Yet the recent tragic events in Ferguson, Missouri - where the killing of an unarmed African American teenager has sparked outrage - highlight the ongoing relevance of race in the criminal justice system. To guide and give greater momentum to recent calls for reform, this report examines a key driving force of criminal justice outcomes: racial perceptions of crime. A complex set of factors contributes to the severity and selectivity of punishment in the United States, including public concern about crime and racial differences in crime rates. This report synthesizes two decades of research establishing that skewed racial perceptions of crime - particularly, white Americans' strong associations of crime with racial minorities - have bolstered harsh and biased criminal justice policies. Details: Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project, 2014. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2014 at: http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/rd_Race_and_Punishment.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/rd_Race_and_Punishment.pdf Shelf Number: 133263 Keywords: Criminal Justice ReformMinorities and CrimePunishmentRace and Crime (U.S.)Racial BiasRacial Disparities |
Author: Putt, Judy Title: The implementation of Indigenous crime and justice policies and programs in Australia: issues and challenge Summary: This brief considers issues to do with implementation of policies and programs, and identifies strategies or frameworks that can be adopted to improve the implementation of Indigenous crime and justice policies and programs. It provides an overview of key polices and strategies being implemented in Australia that aim to address Indigenous crime and justice issues, and examines four specific key initiatives to highlight the kinds of issues encountered: the Northern Territory Emergency Response; night or community patrols; Aboriginal sentencing courts; and men’s behaviour change programs. The theoretical and practical factors are brought together in a framework which can be used to evaluate and increase successful implementation across a range of programs. Details: Canberra: Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse, Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. Source: Internet Resource: Brief 18: Accessed February 23, 2016 at: http://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/briefs/brief018.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/briefs/brief018.pdf Shelf Number: 137939 Keywords: AboriginalsCriminal Justice PolicyCriminal Justice ProgramsIndigenous PeoplesMinorities and Crime |
Author: Braga, Anthony A. Title: The Police and Public Discourse on "Black-on-Black" Violence Summary: Research has long documented that most violence occurs within racial groups and that black Americans - often victimized by black offenders - experience disproportionately high levels of violent crime. The authors argue that the term "black-on-black" violence, while statistically correct, is a simplistic and emotionally-charged definition of urban violence that can be problematic when used by political commentators, politicians, and police executives. Because the police represent the most visible face of government and have primary responsibility for maintaining public safety in all neighborhoods, Braga and Brunson contend that police executives in particular should avoid framing urban violence problems in this way. Details: Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School, Program on Criminal Justice Policy and Management, 2015. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: New Perspectives in Policing: Accessed November 14, 2016 at: http://www.nccpsafety.org/assets/files/library/The_Police_and_Public_Discourse_on_Black-on-Black_Violence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.nccpsafety.org/assets/files/library/The_Police_and_Public_Discourse_on_Black-on-Black_Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 146645 Keywords: Minorities and CrimeUrban Areas and CrimeUrban CrimeUrban ViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Rojas-Gaona, Carlos E. Title: Adoption of Street Code Attitudes among Latinos and its Effects on Criminal Offending Summary: This individual-level study draws from Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street theory to examine racial/ethnic differences in levels of code-related attitudes and criminal offending with special attention to Latinos. The code of the street is a normative system of values that emphasizes the use of violence to achieve respect among peers and avoid moral self-sanctions. Using a racially/ethnically diverse sample of serious adolescent offenders from two large U.S. cities and controlling for socio-demographic and risk factors, this study tests whether code-related attitudes are a mediating mechanism linking race/ethnicity and criminal offending. Net of a series of socio-demographic and risk factors, results obtained from path mediation models showed negative direct and total effects of Black non-Latino status on aggressive offending, and negative direct and total effects of Latino status on aggressive and income offending, relative to non-Latino Whites. More importantly, there is evidence of at least one mediation effect of race/ethnicity on criminal offending. Specifically, path mediation models revealed a positive indirect effect of Latino status on aggressive offending. That is, net of statistical controls, differences on aggressive offending among Latinos compared to non-Latino Whites operated indirectly through the adoption of code-related attitudes. Whereas the hypothesized mediation effect of code-related attitudes on aggressive offending was confirmed for Latinos, there is no support for the mediation effect of Black non-Latino status on aggressive and income offending through the adoption of code-related attitudes, nor for the effect of Latino status on income offending through the adoption of code-related attitudes. These results confirm and extend Anderson's theory to describe adherence to street codes among serious adolescent offenders, and among other racial/ethnic minorities such as Latinos. Based on these findings, theoretical and policy implications of this study are discussed. Details: Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, School of Criminal Justice, 2016. 186p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed December 10, 2016 at: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1470043664&disposition=inline Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1470043664&disposition=inline Shelf Number: 145624 Keywords: Adolescent OffendersCode of the StreetLatinosMinorities and CrimeSerious Juvenile OffendersSocial ConditionsSocioeconomic Conditions and Crime |
Author: Arooj Title: Faith, Family and Crime: An exploration of Muslim families' involvement with the Criminal Justice System and its impact on their health and social needs Summary: There has been little or no research undertaken either locally or nationally to assess the extent and nature of these aspects or, indeed, to address the specific needs of Muslim offenders' families and the impact of the CJS on their health and social needs. This is also reflected in a recent Ministry of Justice report (Shingler and Pope 2018), which analysed a large number of studies to review the effectiveness of rehabilitative services for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people: They found that "the search process yielded 3,101 studies, of which only 11 (below 0.5%) were of sufficient relevance and methodological rigour for inclusion. Similarly, criminological writing about race and ethnicity in the CJS has tended to focus on "trying to explain the over-representation of Black men in the CJS" (Parmar 2016, p. 2), rather than addressing the complex ways in which "race, gender, class and generation interact and enmesh in the context of crime and punishment". This "intersectional" approach to considering the needs of the families concerned provides a useful framework within which to analyse the data collected for this project and through which to identify those findings that highlight where Muslim families have the greatest levels of need. According to the Prison Reform Trust (2017) the number of Muslim prisoners has doubled since 2002 and represents 15% of the current prison population. Muslims are significantly over-represented within the prison population, yet Muslims represent just 4% of the general population in the United Kingdom (Office for National Statistics [ONS] 2016). Reviews and research studies undertaken nationally in the past few years, (such as The Lammy Report, 2017; The Young Review Report, 2014) have highlighted that the problems arising from this over-representation of minority ethnic groups in prisons is far greater amongst certain BAME groups than is reflected in their uptake of support services. The main aims of this research project were: 1. To investigate the extent to which a family member's involvement with the Criminal Justice System (CJS) affects Muslim families and their social and health needs. The areas explored range across: - the attitudes of Muslim families towards offenders/ex-offenders in their household; - some of the barriers faced by Muslim families in accessing mainstream support services; - the role of Muslim families and faith organisations in supporting offenders/ex-offenders. 2. The findings to benefit Muslim families and policy makers through providing an increased understanding of: - how involvement with the CJS affects relationships within the family (nuclear and extended) and the wider community; the underlying issues that affect - different family members (particularly partners and children) and the levels of awareness, amongst Muslim families, of the support services that are available to them. Details: London; Barrow Cadbury Trust; Lancashire, AROOJ, 2018. 42p., ex. summary Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2018 at: https://www.barrowcadbury.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Arooj-Faith-Family-and-Crime-2.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.barrowcadbury.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Arooj-Faith-Family-and-Crime-2.pdf Shelf Number: 153512 Keywords: Ethnic MinoritiesFamilies and CrimeMinorities and CrimeMuslimsReligion and Crime |